Otoritarianisme Lokal sebagai Ancaman terhadap Demokrasi Desa
Manipulasi Elektoral, Patronase, dan Identitas Lokal dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Pucangrejo, Kendal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35967/njip.v25i1.881Kata Kunci:
Otoritarianisme Lokal, Demokrasi Desa, Pemilihan Kepala Desa, Patronase, Identitas LokalAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika otoritarianisme lokal dalam pemilihan kepala desa tahun 2022 di Desa Pucangrejo, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah, yang menerapkan prosedur demokrasi formal tetapi menyimpang dari praktik demokrasi substantif. Selama 4 bulan kerja lapangan, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen dalam desain studi kasus kualitatif. Informan mencakup calon kepala desa, anggota panitia pemilihan, dan warga desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktor-aktor elite memanfaatkan aturan pemilihan—khususnya Computer Assisted Test, yang menghasilkan dua pengumuman hasil yang saling bertentangan—untuk menyingkirkan calon pesaing terkuat. Praktik ini mencakup kooptasi kelembagaan, ketika panitia pemilihan bekerja sama dengan elite informal, serta jaringan patronase dan narasi keberhasilan pembangunan yang digunakan untuk mengikat pemilih loyal. Penolakan terorganisasi terhadap calon dari luar desa, yang diperkuat oleh resistensi identitas lokal, semakin mengakarkan norma politik yang eksklusif. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemilihan di tingkat desa berisiko tersubordinasi oleh kendali elite, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan pihak ketiga dan penjaminan kelembagaan yang lebih kokoh untuk melindungi otonomi demokrasi akar rumput.
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